Unpretentious in cultivation and care "Multi-tiered" onions

Unusual multi-tiered onions have long been grown in Russia. Farmers appreciated the positive qualities of this crop, which are also complemented by the decorative type of plant. When you start growing this onion, consider the important nuances of planting it and the requirements necessary to get a good harvest.

Description

Multi-tiered (horned, Egyptian, walking, Canadian, viviparous) onion is a type of perennial herbaceous hybrid plant of the Onion family, all parts of which can be eaten.

Origin and development

Despite the name, the homeland of the Canadian bow is China... It was from there that culture came to Europe more than 200 years ago. The species appeared as a result of crossing onion onions and onions-batuna... The state register of the Russian Federation includes information about three varieties of multi-tiered onions.

The originator of the varieties Likova and Pamyat is the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Federal Scientific Center for Vegetable Growing", they were included in the state register in 1987 and 2005, respectively. The originator of the Chelyabinsk variety is OOO NPO Sad and Ogorod, included in the state register in 2012.

Chemical composition, trace elements and vitamins and beneficial properties

Egyptian onions contain:

• vitamin C;
• carotene;
• vitamins B, B2, PP;
• Sahara;
• essential oils;
• nickel;
• potassium;
• cobalt;
• iron;
• zinc;
• manganese;
• copper;
• boron;
• calcium;
• phosphorus;
• molybdenum;
• phytoncides.

Onions have antiviral and anti-inflammatory effects, are useful for the digestive system, enhances the protective functions of the body, promotes the production of collagen and elastane, normalizes blood pressure and regenerates mucous membranes.

The use of this vegetable stabilizes the work of the cardiovascular system and increases the tone of the walls of blood vessels.

Ripening period and yield

All varieties of multi-tiered onions registered in the state register of Russia are early maturing - the crop is ready for harvesting 20-24 days after the mass regrowth of leaves.

The yield depends on the variety:

• Likov - up to 3.6 kg per sq. m .;
• Memory - up to 3 kg per 1 sq. m., greenery - 0.7 kg per 1 sq. m, air bulbs - 0.7 kg per 1 sq. m .;
• Chelyabinsk - 1.6 kg per 1 sq. m of green leaves (one cut), 0.6 kg per 1 sq. m. air bulbs.

Disease resistance

Onions have a stable immunity to most diseases characteristic of the culture, except for peronosporosis.

Characteristics of the bulb, description of the appearance, taste

During the growing season, the plant forms up to three arrow-peduncles 60-100 cm high, which grow in a tiered order and are dotted with small aerial bulbs weighing 15-25 g.

Each plant has 2-3 tiers: on the lower one there are the largest heads, the diameter of which reaches 3 cm, on the upper rows there are smaller fruits, while there are more of them.

The leaves of the multi-tiered onion are dark green, tubular, hollow, growing up to 45-55 cm in height and up to 2 cm in width. The bulbs are round-oval in shape, covered with brown, yellow or purple husks. The taste is spicy or semi-sharp.

For which regions it is best suited and what is the exacting climate

Walking onions are undemanding to climatic conditions and are suitable for growing in all regions.

Main advantages and disadvantages

Pros of a tiered bow:

• frost resistance;
• strong immunity;
• lack of rest in the bulbs;
• rapid regrowth of greenery even with a lack of light;
• early maturation;
• unpretentiousness;
• the possibility of growing in all regions.

Minuses:

• tendency to peronosporosis;
• reproduction only in a vegetative way;
• short storage.

What is the difference from other types of onions

The main distinguishing features of the tiered bow:

• only this onion grows in several tiers;
• loose structure of underground bulbs, which after a while separate into parts;
• greens do not coarse for a long time;
• fruiting during the entire growing season;
• in several years, the roots grow up to 1.5 m in length;
• under the snow, the onion is able to withstand frosts down to -45 ° C.

Features of planting and growing

Egyptian onions do not have seeds, so they can only be propagated vegetatively: by underground or aerial bulbs.

When planting crops, certain rules are observed - this is the only way to count on abundant yields.

Preparing for landing

In the case of onion propagation with the help of underground bulbs, the overgrown mother bulb is divided into several parts, receiving planting material ready for transplantation to other beds. When propagating by air bulbs, the heads are collected from the second or third tier and sorted by size, since the sowing rates and harvest times depend on this.

Before planting, the bulbs are soaked for 3-5 minutes in a solution of potassium permanganate for disinfection, and then thoroughly dried. If planting is not planned soon, the bulbs are folded in a paper bag and put away in a cool place.

Reference. The collection of planting material is carried out before the plant releases green arrows.

The land on the site is carefully dug up and organic (compost, humus) or mineral fertilizers are introduced into it. If it is necessary to deoxidize the soil, chalk, gypsum, lime or wood ash are added to it.

Ground requirements

The maximum yields are obtained in fertile soil with good moisture permeability, aeration and neutral acidity, for example, in loam. In acidic soil, the culture does not develop well.

Timing, scheme and landing rules

There are three optimal times for planting a multi-tiered onion:

• after harvest - end of August or September;
• before winter - late October-early November;
• early spring - early March.

When planting in winter, the culture may not have time to take root before the onset of frost, so the beds must be covered.

Landing scheme:

1. Form on the site rows for planting at a distance of 25-30 cm from each other.
2. Make landing holes in them.
3. Plant the bulbs in the ground. Large specimens are planted every 20 cm, deepening by 10 cm.The distance between medium-sized bulbs should be 8-10 cm, and the planting depth should be 8 cm, small heads are buried 5 cm, leaving 6 cm between them.
4. Sprinkle the bulbs with earth, water it and mulch the beds with humus.

Growing features

The place for planting crops should be located on a hill, since ground and snow water often accumulates in the lowlands, which leads to decay of plants.

In one and the same place, multi-tiered onions can be grown for a maximum of five years in a row, after which the beds are changed.

The best predecessors of onions are potatoes, cabbage, beets, and zucchini.

The nuances of care

This culture does not require complex maintenance. It is enough to ensure the landings are correct watering and feeding, loosen the soil and do not neglect the preventive treatment of plants from diseases and pests.

Watering mode

In favorable weather conditions, the onions are watered three times a week, using settled water, heated to about + 37 ° C.

Loosening the soil and weeding

The soil is loosened 2-3 times per season - this improves the access of oxygen, nutrients and moisture to the underground bulbs. Most often, the procedure is combined with cutting greenery or applying dressings.

As necessary, weeding is carried out, removing weeds from the soil that create shading, taking macro- and microelements necessary for the culture from the soil and attracting pests.

Top dressing

For the intensive growth of greenery, self-prepared organic fertilizers are used:

• ash solution - dilute in 10 liters of water 1.5 tbsp. wood ash, mix and pour into furrows for irrigation;
• mullein - Dissolve 1 liter of manure in 10 liters of water, insist for a week, then mix 1 liter of the resulting solution with 5 liters of water and pour the aisle with this mixture;
• chicken droppings - mix 1 liter of poultry droppings with 1 liter of water, insist for three days, then dilute 1 liter of the resulting solution in 10 liters of water and pour the mixture between rows;
• mineral fertilizer - dilute 60 g of complex mineral fertilizer in 10 liters of water and pour the soil in the aisles with the solution.

After applying top dressing, a sprinkling procedure is carried out - this helps to wash off fertilizers from the plants.

Disease and pest control

The main danger for a multi-tiered onion is peronosporosis.... To prevent the development of the disease, the plants are sprayed with Bordeaux liquid.

Of the pests, onion flies most often attack plantings. To combat insects, insecticidal preparations are used.

Harvesting and storage

The multi-tiered bow has some features not only in planting, but also in assembly and storage harvest.

How and when to collect

In order not to face the problem of reducing the number of air bulbs, the greens from the onions are cut off a maximum of two times per season: after about 2.5 weeks after sowing the onions and 3 weeks after.

The harvest of the bulbs is harvested during the ripening of the arrows, when they acquire a brown tint on the heads and a bluish bloom forms on them.

Storage features and keeping quality of the variety

The collected bulbs are inspected and calibrated, setting aside some for subsequent planting, others for consumption and storage.

Store onions in wooden boxes with sand in a dark, well-ventilated room with a humidity of 75% and an air temperature of -3 ... + 2 ° C for a maximum of 3-4 months.

What can be the difficulties in growing

When cultivating Egyptian onions, you can face some problems:

• rotting plants with high soil moisture;
• slow development of onions when planted in soil with high acidity.

Tips from experienced gardeners

Experienced farmers recommend:

1. Do not grow this onion in one place for more than five seasons in a row - this will drain the soil, which affects the quality and volume of the crop.
2. If the plants are dead, tie the top tiers into bunches and tie them to pegs.
3. Apply organic fertilizers with a high nitrogen content to the soil 3-4 weeks before planting the onions, which stimulates the growth of greenery.

Reviews of the multi-tiered onion variety

The reviews of vegetable growers, which can be found on specialized forums, are positive:

Vera, Grozny: «For many years I have been growing multi-tiered onions and I do not understand those who have not yet tried to plant it. In addition to being delicious, it is also very beautiful - as if some kind of alien plant. And, of course, its frost resistance and minimal maintenance requirements are captivating. "

Svetlana, Tula: “This is definitely the most unusual bow I've ever seen. Seven years ago, a neighbor gave me the onions of a multi-tiered bow, I planted them and realized that it was mine. I like its frost resistance, unpretentiousness and pleasant taste. "

Conclusion

The tiered bow is one of the best perennial crops. It does not require labor-intensive maintenance, is suitable for growing in all regions of Russia, has a pleasant taste, is resistant to frost and diseases, and has an unusual, decorative appearance.